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Docker & Containers
Container fundamentals — images, volumes, networking, Docker Compose, and orchestration basics.
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What is a Docker container?
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A lightweight, isolated runtime environment that packages an application with its dependencies. Uses OS-level virtualization — shares the host kernel, unlike VMs.
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What is the difference between a Docker image and a container?
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An image is a read-only template (blueprint). A container is a running instance of an image. Multiple containers can run from the same image.
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What is a Dockerfile?
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A text file with instructions to build a Docker image. Key commands: FROM (base image), COPY (add files), RUN (execute commands), CMD (default command).
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What is Docker Compose?
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A tool for defining multi-container applications in a YAML file. Manages services, networks, and volumes. Run with "docker compose up".
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What is a Docker volume?
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Persistent storage that survives container restarts and removal. Types: named volumes (managed by Docker), bind mounts (host directory), tmpfs (memory only).
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What is the difference between CMD and ENTRYPOINT?
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CMD sets default command (can be overridden). ENTRYPOINT sets the main executable (harder to override). Often combined: ENTRYPOINT for the command, CMD for default args.
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How do you reduce Docker image size?
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Use slim/alpine base images, multi-stage builds, minimize layers, use .dockerignore, combine RUN commands, and remove package manager caches.
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What is container orchestration?
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Managing multiple containers at scale. Kubernetes is the standard. Handles deployment, scaling, load balancing, health checks, and rolling updates.
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